RESUMO
This meta-analysis systematically evaluates the strength and direction of the association between negative parent-related family interactions and child social anxiety, and identifies several influencing moderators. Two investigators independently searched international (PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science) and Chinese (CNKI, WanFang, and VIP) databases from their inception dates until March 5, 2023, for suitable articles. Of the 5771 identified records, 85 studies were selected based on inclusion of at least one of the following three dimensions of negative family interactions: insecure attachment (n = 27), parent-related family conflicts (n = 19), or negative parenting styles (n = 46). Meta-analyses showed that all three dimensions were significantly associated with child social anxiety (insecure attachment: r = 0.271, p < 0.0001; parent-related family conflicts: r = 0.226, p < 0.0001; negative parenting styles: r = 0.186, p < 0.0001). For all three dimensions, this association was stronger in children from East Asian culture than in those from European or American culture. In addition, age group, information source, and publication year also significantly moderated this association. Our findings will help guide further research and provide recommendations for the development of effective interventions for reducing social anxiety.
Assuntos
Comparação Transcultural , Pais , Criança , Humanos , Poder Familiar , Relações Pais-Filho , AnsiedadeRESUMO
The study aimed to reveal the cumulative effects and stability characteristics of soil organic carbon (SOC) during forest development at the Mu Us sandy land, China. Using space for time substitution, surface soil samples were collected from semi-fixed sandy lands and restored arbor and shrub lands with the ages of 22, 32 and 53 years in the Yulin sand control region in Northern Shaanxi Province. The content of total organic carbon (TOC), oxidizable labile organic carbon, and resistant carbon and the characteristics of mineralized carbon emission and decomposition ratio were analyzed. The results showed that the increment of TOC for 22 to 53 years shrub and arbor lands from resistant carbon were 3.5-6.2 g·kg-1 and 3.2-7.7 g·kg-1, and from oxidized labile carbon were 2.8-3.4 g·kg-1 and 1.3-2.8 g·kg-1, respectively, compared with semi-fixed sand land. The ratio of soil oxidizable labile carbon in shrub land and arbor land were stable and maintained at 37.0% and 26.8%, respectively. However, the ratio decreased to 25.7% and 17.4% after incubated at a constant temperature for 60 days. The mineralization rate of shrub and arbor lands with 22-53 years was not significant at the ending of soil incubation. Carbon losses from oxidized liable carbon were 76.9%-98.7%, and only 1.3%-23.5% from resistant carbon in all sand-fixing forest plots. Compared with the maximum carbon emission rate, the soil cumulative carbon release exhibited a higher correlation with soil enzyme activities of ß-glucosidase and dehydrogenase, but the enzyme activities did not change from 32-53 years. In conclusion, SOC pool showed stable characteristics of lower emission and higher sequestration with the increases of sand-fixing forest stand age. The carbon fixation effect of arbor sand-fixing forest was better than that of shrub sand-fixing forest.
Assuntos
Carbono/análise , Florestas , Solo/química , Sequestro de Carbono , ChinaRESUMO
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease without effective drugs available for its treatment. An in-depth exploration of the pathogenesis of PAH, as well as inquiry into potential therapeutic targets, remains an urgent issue. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have arisen as key players in malignant tumors, cardiovascular diseases and more recently in PAH progression and development. Network pharmacology is a new discipline based on system biology, which can predict potential therapeutic targets in diseases regulated by multiple genes. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of ncRNAs and network pharmacology regulated genes involved in PAH, as well as the search for potential drug targets for PAH.
